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Stellenbosch Museum is a cultural history museum in the centre of Stellenbosch, South Africa. It was proclaimed a museum on 23 March 1962 and is a province-aided museum which receives support from the Government of the Western Cape. The museum includes four period houses which depict the way people lived and the difference in architectural styles over the periods illustrated (the Village Museum). It also includes a historical powder magazine and a toy museum. ==Schreuder House== This house is the first period house in the museum complex and is furnished according to the period c. 1709. The house was built in August 1707 by Sebastian Schreuder, who was a German messenger of the court of the Dutch East India Company.〔p29, Coetzee, C. Eikestad, Cape Town: Struik, 1976〕 This modest pioneer cottage has a thatched roof and clay floor. The house has some unusual windows as glass was a rare commodity and had to be imported from Holland. The colonists therefore developed a system of stretching linen or gauze tightly over a frame and using beeswax or similar substances to seal the cloth against the elements. During a hard downpour, the housewife simply closed the outside shutters; in fine weather the catches were released, the whole frame was lifted out, and fresh air was let in.〔Footloose in Stellenbosch: A Visitor's Guide by Hannes Meiring and Ters van Huyssteen〕 The house was declared monument in 1974 and is currently listed as a Grade II Western Cape provincial heritage site.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sahra.org.za/node/18358 )〕 ==Bletterman House== The second house in the museum complex depicts the period of c. 1789. The house was originally built by Hendrik Lodewyk Bletterman, Landdrost (Magistrate) of Stellenbosch from 1785 to 1795. This dwelling is a Cape Dutch H-shaped house and one of the examples of a gabled house from the 18th century.〔The Old Buildings of the Cape by Hans Fransen〕 The site on which the present Bletterman House is situated was bought by Hendrik Lodewyk Bletterman in 1787. The Hertzog plan of 1817 shows a building on this site, but it is assumed that Bletterman built the house sometime before that date since he would have required accommodation after he vacated the Drostdy in 1775. After his death in 1824 the house was sold to the Landdrost and Heemraden and was converted into offices and a courtroom, becoming the "Stellenbosch Public Offices". The outbuilding was renovated and equipped with 50 school benches and served as a school for slaves. The school was officially opened in September 1825 with Erasmus Smit as teacher. It would appear that after Bletterman's death the main house was never used as a residence again. The Stellenbosch Police used the buildings as their headquarters from about 1879 until 1969 when it was acquired by the Stellenbosch Museum. 〔Fransen H, Stellenbosch Drie Eeue〕 The house is listed as a provincial heritage site.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sahra.org.za/node/18365 )〕 ==Grosvenor House== This splendid old mansion is the third house restored by the museum and depicts the period c. 1803. The house is hence over two hundred years old and known as the ancestral home of the Neethling family. The site on which it stands was granted to Christiaan Ludolph Neethling in 1781 and a year later he had built a double-storey house on the property. Successive owners kept the house virtually unaltered. In 1872 Sir Christoffel J. Brand, first speaker of the Cape House of Assembly, became the new owner. After his death in 1876 William Collins of Bath, England, bought the property which remained in the possession of his wife until 1941. The Collins family named the building Grosvenor House and converted it into a guest house.〔p128, Coetzee, C. Eikestad, Cape Town: Struik, 1976〕 Grosvenor House was the building in which the Stellenbosch Museum was located at the time of its proclamation. The building has been restored to illustrate the period c. 1800 – c. 1830 when Willem Herold and his family lived there and as with many of the other properties of the museum the house has been declared a provincial heritage site.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sahra.org.za/node/18366 )〕 Individual items of furniture reflect the increasing influence of English taste on local furniture design after the second British occupation of the Cape in 1806. Neo-classicism was then the height of fashion. The interior doors have stinkwood frames and yellowwood panels. There are unusual shutters of the same wood and a heavy front door of solid teak. The facade of the house was designed in the classical style with fluted pilasters running up to support a wide cornice. The classicism is repeated in the treatment of the pedimented front door, which surrounds a plaster-work a palm tree, the symbol on the Stellenbosch Church seal. The plants in the garden of this house are those that would have been popular during the period. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stellenbosch Museum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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